To Kill A Mockingbird Trial Analysis - 1076 Words

Significant incidents in a text are deliberately chosen to highlight a flaw in society or to express the composer’s concerns. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) ignites this notion as she purposefully chooses Tom Robinson’s trial to be the climax of the text where the flaws in society become highlighted. The trial and what happens during the trial does have some parallels to Lee’s purpose of exposing the race relations in the Southern states of America to her audience of the 1960s in the grip of the civil rights movement. This has proliferated and added power to her purpose of raising awareness of bigotry and the treatment of others to her audience of the 1960’s. Harper Lee uses the trial scene as a platform to further highlight†¦show more content†¦The purpose of the trial can be linked to how Lee implies that racial prejudice spans further to areas where justice is to be uphold such as in the judicial system. Harper Lee, through her text, also denotes the repercussions of a power-based societal structure. The climax of the text, the trial, can be linked to others parts of the novel. In To Kill A Mockingbird, social inequality is evident throughout the text, which expands on her purpose of critiquing her American 1930’s Maycomb. At the beginning, it becomes evident that there is an overcomplicated social hierarchy in Maycomb. The social inequality is displayed in the juxtaposition, â€Å"Negroes worshipped it (church) on Sundays and white men gambled in it on weekdays†. The quote shows that the â€Å"white men† have disrespect towards the property of the blacks. It also suggests that the Negro community is too poor to build their own church, which highlights the social inequality faced in Maycomb. With the social hierarchy in mind, the Finches are near the top where the Cunninghams and â€Å"white trash† Ewells are below. However, even though the Ewells are the lowest of the lows of the white community they still are above the black community only on the basis of skin colour. With this social power over the blacks, Bob Ewell is able to persecuted Tom Robinson and know for sure that he will win the court case as â€Å"A white mans word, against a black mans word, the white man always wins†. A linkShow MoreRelatedTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreEssay Justice System in To Kill a Mockingbird897 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the dedication of Mr. Finch in â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, even though it turned out against his favor due to an absence of evidence and a debauched court hearing. This court hearing makes readers question whether or not the justice system of that era was fair and in retrospect, a good question is whether or not our justice system today is fair and lawful. If you think that a false conviction was unfair, Tom is eventually killed for his false conviction under a faulty justice system. To meRead MoreEffects Of Racial Discrimination In To Kill A Mockingbird1526 Words   |  7 Pageswhen you believe that a certain race is bad. Intrinsic racism is when you have a specific hatred towards a certain race. To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel that shows many forms of racial discrimination that was written b y Harper Lee in the 1960’s. In To Kill a Mockingbird , a black male named Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white woman named Mayella Ewell. During the trial Robinson was well represented by a prominent lawyer named Atticus. Atticus knew because of racial discrimination Robinson wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird977 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for To Kill a Mockingbird â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads- they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white always wins. They’re ugly, but these are the facts of life.† ************ Along with the main theme of the story, racism, there are multiple other themes that are represented in the story. These include: the coexistence of good and evil, and importance of mortal educationRead MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In 1960, Harper Lee published her critically acclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiencesRead MoreA Time to Kill and to Kill a Mockingbird1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grishams adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies moreRead More Comparing the Movies A Time to Kill, by John Grisham and To Kill a Mockingbird1285 Words   |  6 Pages The movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grisham?s adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the moviesRead MoreTheme Of Prejudice In To Kill A Mockingbird1452 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Prejudice Prejudice is defined as a preconceived judgement, or as an adverse opinion formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird explores many themes, one of them being prejudice. The story takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930’s, an era commonly remembered for the intense racism and sexism that dominated the time. To Kill a Mockingbird centers around the mystery of Arthur Radley, also known as Boo, and the trial of a blackRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences

Me and You and Memento and Fargo by J.J. Murphy - 1640 Words

Structure in any form of narrative is vital, whether it be in films, books, theatre, etc. It is a frame for a story to work within. While there is a traditional method and formula to structuring a film narrative, filmmakers all over the world have experimented with breaking the norm and trying new ways to structure a film. It tested the viewer’s notion of what structure is and how a narrative can be told. It was also new and something that audiences were not used to. Even now, a film that moves too far away from the traditional three-act-structure, is highly experimental and usually only seen in independent or student films. In this essay I will look at the film â€Å"Slacker† (Linklater, 1991) and see how they structured the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Act I, the screenwriter sets up the story, establishes character, launches the dramatic premise (what the story is about), illustrates the situation (the circumstances surrounding the action), and creates the re lationships between the main character and the other characters who inhabit the landscape of his or her world.† (Field, 2005:21) At the end of the first act there is a turning point, also known as the ‘inciting incident’, that signals the start of the second act which is what Field (2005:24) calls â€Å"Confrontation†. While act one and act three usually translates to about roughly a quarter of the story’s length each, act two is usually half of the entire script. â€Å"During this second act the main character encounters obstacle after obstacle that keeps him/her from achieving his/her dramatic need, which is defined as what the character wants to win, gain, get, or achieve during the course of the screenplay.† (Field, 2005:25) â€Å"†¦resolution means solution.† (Field, 2005:26) In the third and final act, the resolution, the story and characters reach a climax. Here the character usually faces his fears, overcomes his biggest obstacles and defeats the antagonist, though not always. There is a de-escalation in act three. In the book â€Å"Story† (McKee, 1997:105-106) Robert McKee defines the function of structure and character: â€Å"The function of STRUCTURE is to provide

CURRENT EVENTS Essay Example For Students

CURRENT EVENTS: Essay Hiv HIVS ROOTS TRACED TO 1930SummaryScientists have concluded, based on mathematical research, that the virus that lead to the epidemic of AIDS can be traced all the way back to 1930, somewhere around Central Africa. Bette Korber, of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, presented this conclusion at the Conference of Retroviruses. The notion that HIV was introduced in contaminated oral polio vaccines in Africa between the years of 1957 and 1961 has been often debated and challenged. The results presented by Korber, not only refute the before mentioned allegations, but also move us toward finding out where the virus really came from and in which direction it is heading in the future. The first sample discovered in 1959 comes from a man in Congo, who died as a member of the M class of HIV, the type that most people are infected with today. However old the virus was, it was evident that it wasnt the first of its kind. The reason that the virus was ever connected to polio is because in the same year of 1959, the introduction of oral polio vaccines, supposedly tested on chimpanzees, came to the continent of Africa. However in reality, states Stanley Plotkin of the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, the introduction of HIV in chimpanzees occurred well before the polio vaccine.

Suicide Essay Example

Suicide Essay I would like to start this speech by asking what you think of suicide. Has it ever been an option to deal with your struggles in life? Have you ever thought about leaving this world because you don’t think it understands you? Have you ever imagined yourself cutting a vein, jumping off from a 20-storey building, overdosing yourself with drugs or simply just stop breathing? I mean, seriously, have you? According to the statistics conducted by the World Health Organization, one person commits suicide every 40 seconds counting to millions of suicide deaths at the end of the year. That is why, it is considered as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Furthermore, suicide rates have increased to 40% from the last 50 years (. So, why do people commit suicide? Kurt Cobain said it was drugs. Vincent Van Gogh said it was the feeling of worthlessness. Virginia Woolf said it was mental illness. Marilyn Monroe said nothing. Nonetheless, most suicides are committed by highly-creative people. Does this mean passion in music, art and literature can drive people to their deaths? Absolutely not! There are different causes of suicides. According to Wikipedia, the common causes of suicides are obviously mental disorders, suffering, unrequited love, stress, guilt, self-sacrifice, catastrophic injuries, financial loss, loneliness, drugs, so on and so forth. However, there can be a lot of reasons behind a suicide attempt of a person. One of the sad truths is most of the time, their reasons are incomprehensible. We will write a custom essay sample on Suicide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Suicide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Suicide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Famous people who have committed suicide include Vincent Van Gogh, a mentally disturbed Dutch painter who shot himself in the chest; Kurt Cobain, lead vocalist of Nirvana who was believed to have died due to drug overdose; Virginia Woolf, a feminist writer who drowned herself in a river near their house; Sylvia Plath, a notable poet who gassed herself in a microwave oven while her children were sleeping on the other room. Some people take their lives for heroic causes. For example, Mahatma Gandhi protested against the war between the Hindus and Muslim by means of starving himself to death which was successfully stopped before he died. In Japan during World War II, soldiers kill themselves first rather than falling in the hands of the Nazis. Moreover, Japanese pilots also volunteered to sacrifice their lives by crashing their aircrafts to an enemy’s base. Indeed, people have different views about life. Some even denounce life and believe there is a much better world after it. We cannot always blame mental disorders as the cause of suicide rates. Highly creative people can be sane and appreciative of their life. No matter how troublesome life is, suicide is not always an option to solve problems. Escaping it would only produce more for the ones left behind. Suicide may have been one of the most famous resorts in escaping a problem or a life that is believed to be not worth living. However, environment can also affect a person who is tempted to it. If only we can all be sensitive to the people around us, sometimes a simple smile and good conversation can save someone’s life. Works Cited Suicide. Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia. 21 October 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide

The World Without Us free essay sample

Alan Weisman The World Without Us written by Alan Weisman is an intriguing book about what the world would be like if humans influence never took place and better yet, now that humans have invaded the space of natural wilderness, how would the environment adapt if humans disappeared? What would it be like if none of the creatures in our environment had to deal with the constant demands of humans? How would the forms of life take over all the buildings and materials humans left behind? In the opening chapter, Weisman talks about the greatness and exotic life of the Bialowieza Puszca. This forest spanned parts of Europe and Weisman talks of its biodiversity due to the lack of human influence. The way that he describes this area of wildlife and wilderness, really helps the reader visualize what the world really might be like if humans didn’t destroy the habitats of many species and use their homes as land for industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Without Us or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Weisman goes on talking about what our homes would look like after humans disappeared and even how major cities, such as New York City and Manhattan, would be affected. The houses and buildings would eventually break down and form habitats for animals, such as rodents, and even insects. New York City’s subway tunnels would flood which would lead to other disastrous events to deteriorate the infrastructure. Weisman suggests plant life to begin to grow in new places that would usually be prevented by human upkeep. He goes on to explain in detail of the many ways the environment would start to â€Å"grow back† to its original state; the natural wilderness before humans took over the land and destroyed it. The author, Alan Weisman, then continues on and discusses his other proposals of how humans are affecting the environment. He talks about the increase of carbon dioxide emissions in every day human life and its affect on global warming. He mentions how the discovery of paleontology proves that extinction of species could be due to the affects of human influence on their habitats. Humans are now known to be willingly killing off and hunting overpopulated animals whereas Weisman thinks it is not necessary. He suggests, â€Å"You don’t actually have to shoot the songbirds to remove them from the sky. Take away enough of their homes or sustenance, and they will fall dead on their own† (The World Without Us, page 83). Subsequently, the book continues through the idea of what would happen to the world’s greatest structures, how the pollution in the ocean would be affected, how mosquitoes would benefit greatly once the human race disappears, and how evolution may be impacted by the proposed explosion of the petroleum plants once human maintenance has ceased. Weisman also continues talking about how the impact of farm fertilization will have on the rebirth of the natural environment. Some fertilizers will level metals in the ground and take almost 100,000 years to degrade. The nitrates that some farmers use in their soil may take awhile for the soil to recover as well. He states that old architectural structures will have no significant impact because without humans to help maintain its structure, the environment, such as plants and animals, will be able to adapt to it. He talks about how the Great Wall of China will degrade and plant life will suffice. Weisman also notes that the bird population will greatly benefit if the human existence ceased. Because of all of the towers, buildings, and telephone poles that humans have placed in their way, many birds die each year. The overall last few chapters of Alan Weisman’s book, The World Without Us, explains how the human population will most likely not become extinct in some mass extinction epidemic. Moreover, if humans were to be killed off, other species would most likely be killed off as well. Alan Weisman’s intentions for this book was not to point out that humans ruined the natural beauty of the world, but to explain that humans can choice to adapt with the natural environment instead of intruding it.

Assignment Durex Essay Example

Assignment Durex Essay Example Assignment Durex Essay Assignment Durex Essay The county has seen a shift from a conservative society to an increasingly open perspective. Condoms can be easily purchased at most petrol kiosks and convenient stores and are usually placed near the counters. Singapore are also seen as materialistic and brand conscious when it comes to purchasing (Google Books, 2015). More youths are also engaging in sexual relations at a younger age due to such influences like internet, media, and society at large (Enid Grubber, 2010). It is important that Dared constantly pays attention to these changes in society and constantly reposition its brand to avoid being seen as an out-dated brand. This way, it is able to connect to he youths and to avoid being stigmatize but the younger generations. In Singapore, technology is integral in the growth due to the limited resources. Singapore are mobile saws with 88%, either owning an Apple device or an android device that enables them to have access to the internet wherever and whenever they need it (semaphores in Singapore: A Whitepapers Release, 2012). However, technology is also a double-edged sword; while it can provide fast information but it can also be a Source of clutter. This provides a challenge for Dared as it has to compete with other online advertisements to reach out to the market. At the same time, because of technological advancements, this also allows condoms to be an alternative for contraceptive pills. In the recentness, Dared has caught up with the technological and social trend which allows them to reach out to more youths through the use of floggers, Youth and Google by purchasing the condoms online. By doing so, Dared has effectively addressed most of the PESTLE concerns by shifting their marketing efforts in that direction (Lovingly, 2014). Singapore has a tropical climate with humid temperatures, however, this does not affect Dared much as all of the products are not affected by seasonal or climate change. Singapore is a moderately green country and with their increasing efforts to categorize wastes accordingly, there is still a low adoption rate of these practices among households. As such, condoms are often used during personal time or at homes and are usually not disposed in a green manner. Dared condoms are made of Latex, Polystyrene and Polyurethane, which are not biodegradable materials (The Condom Depot Learning Center, 2014). This means that they must either be burnt or disposed in a landfill. There are no landfill taxes to be paid in Singapore, however, expired/unsold condoms are turned to Dared to ensure that they are not irresponsibly sold or disposed. This also means that Dared has to take on the costs of disposing off unwanted condoms and affects their profit of margin. There are no legal restrictions on the sale and use of condoms in Singapore, however, the legal age to have sex is at the age of 16 years old and 1 8 years old for commercial sex (Congregationalisms. Com, 2011). Therefore it is also a regulation that the condoms are to be accompanied by a user manual. This user manual often comprises of a pictorial diagram So as to cater to all. This ads additional production cost to the product. There are not much legal implications for Dared Singapore to enforce the legal age to have sex but however, they spend more resources on promoting safe sex as part of their social responsibility. 3. Porters Five Forces Analysis 3. 1 . Threat of New Entrants (Low) Due to the costs and access to the distributive channels for the industry, the threat of having new entrants in this trade is seemingly low. Action for Aids (FAA) by World Health Organization (WHO) have been promoting prevention of HIVE and Studs constantly but with little demand for condoms, companies eke Dared have put in all their investments in this particular industry. Dared does not only produce condoms but they have also constantly produced new products to compete with the other condom brands in the market, with the products at a lower and affordable cost. 3. 2. Threat of Substitutes (Moderate) Besides the myriad of condom brands available in Singapore, there are also many alternative contraceptive measures that are popular among Singapore. Condoms are socially viewed to be the less pleasurable method, and are also attached with the stigma of embarrassment when making the purchase (Thinkers. Erg, 2014). Because of this, many youths tend to shun away from using condoms. Less informed youths may use withdrawal as a mean of contraception, although strictly speaking it is counted as unprotected sex. More informed youths may choose natural contraception, abstinence from penetrative sex or even oral contraceptives. There also are surgical contraceptive methods available that are limited due to the permanent effects. However, this suits a particular older market; those who have made decisions or also due to health reasons. The threat of substitutes is moderate due to the propensity for the market to eek out other alternative contraceptive methods. As sex and contraception are intimate and personal decisions, it is often hard to alter the mind-set of the market. Recently, Dared has made several efforts to introduce Fatherlier, thin and skin like condoms to change this (Dared. Com. My, 2015). 3. 3. Bargaining power Of Suppliers (Low) Most of todays condoms are made of latex and other synthetic materials. The primary ingredient for these is rubber. The 5 main suppliers of this commodity are Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Vietnam; all of which are very close to Singapore, reducing the supply chain cost. As these sources re also located within SEAN region, it is not difficult to switch supplier from within the country, or even to source for materials in neighboring countries (Steve B. Scoot, 2015). Hence, the bargaining power of supplier is low. Furthermore, there are recent developments to use synthetic rubber (Polypropylene) as an improvement to latex condoms provides and alternative supply source for Dared. Since it is a synthetic rubber, Polypropylene is easily produced and available throughout the world. The low cost in the supplied materials are vital for Dared to be able to keep the condoms at a low price point to remain competitive. While the selling point of the product does not always directly relate to the quality of the material used, Dared spends a lot on to constantly develop and improve their products on materials. 3. 4. Bargaining Power of Customers (High) In the Singapore market, condoms are easily available at all convenience stores and are often placed near impulse purchase shelf areas. This is because the nature of the product is fast moving and disposable. To further add on, there are way too many other competitor brands with a variety of other different product offerings. A lot of youths also chose to have unprotected sex, due to the many social related issues despite the low cost of condoms in Singapore (Heartfelt. Asinine. Com, 2015). This makes the bargaining power of Dared customers high. Although Dared is a well-positioned brand and more recognized, there is little brand loyalty among customers due to the discussed points. Competitor brands are similarly priced coupled with the affluence of Singapore make the cost of switching to a competitor brand very easy. Any significant changes in the price of Dared condoms can cause a loss of customers unless the price change can be justified by the product offering. 3. 5. Competitive Rivalry (High) Competitive rivalry in the industry is relatively high. This is because of the nature of the product that is low involvement and customers have little loyalty. It is hard to differentiate the products from other brands and it, coupled with the difficulty of marketing to the masses. This high competitiveness has driven the various companies to constantly innovate to differentiate. From condoms of different flavor, texture, and thickness are all efforts by brands to grab the attention of the fickle consumer. Dared has responded to this rivalry by creating bundle packs of pleasure gels and sex sys along with condoms to be branded as an advocate of enjoyable and safe sex. Dared is able to differentiate themselves from other competitors by addressing the perspective that condoms are a pleasure-kill. Ultimately, regardless of all the marketing and bundles that Dared can offer, the core product offering of a condom is fundamentally the safety and assurance that it provides to consumers. The measure of safety and reliability is often intangible and difficult to market out. Hence, Dared strategies to compete against rivals involve providing scientific data to instill assurance and life in Duresss technology. Dared is a company with relative branding in Singapore with quite a range Of products they have displayed on the shelves. Not only their products are of good quality, they are also constantly coming up with new flavors and innovations. However, compared to the prices of their competitors, Dared products are still relatively higher. Therefore, the four strategic recommendations are Cost Leadership, Differentiation Strategy, Diversification Type and Diversification Process. 4. 1 . Concentration Strategy Based on the brand equity that Dared has already built up, it would be advantageous for the company to continue investing and further strengthening their foothold in the industry. With the application of Nations Matrix, there are many directions that Dared can pursue in the industry. Remaining in the industry allows Dared to focus more resources onto developing better products so as to gain leverage over the competitive market in Singapore, as shown in the Porters 5 forces analysis. 4. 2. Concentric Diversification As the social and technological trends develop, it is difficult for a company like Dared to predict and react. Hence, a strategic move is for Dared to acquire ND develop into other forms of contraception industries (both commercial and medical) so as to remain a key player in the industry. Regardless of what forces exert pressure, Dared will be able to have a certain degree of influence over the market and its environment. In order to further influence those with no brand loyalty, innovation can often help to tip customers in choosing Dared. As with the case of Samsung, by introducing many innovative products to the market and reacting to the consumer preferences can actually help to differentiate how different the brand is from the others. For example, Dared came up with an ultra-thin Indo ranged Fatherlier is a good strategy to attract customers. Dared also has a superior research team which further adds on to the branding (Dared. Com. So, 1 915). Although the price range of Dared may seem affordable, however customers think of Dared much more as a premium brand compared to other competitors like Spire and Oakmont. Hence, implementing low costs to beat the competition is ideal for the saturated market in Singapore and at the same time, this also allows Dared to gain more brand loyalty customers. For example, current pricing at $7 may not be attractive to win impulse buyers or hose who have no brand preferences. Hence, if the price range of Dared is justified this may in time gain brand loyalty customers. In the recent years, Dared has managed to find much marketing success online. Much of this is because of the Singapore culture and environment that Dared is able to benefit from. However, the strict advertising policies still pose a problem for the industry as it is difficult to market and stand out. Furthermore, as a low cost product, little emotional attachment and buyer involvement, Dared has done more to innovate and differentiate themselves from competitors.

Redesigning Cost Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Redesigning Cost Systems - Essay Example It seems to cause competition and arguments between departments. They argue over who was to blame for unfavorable variances when using traditional systems. Push through productions is productions that use large amounts of raw material and partially finished products. The materials or products are moved from one process to another. The preferred method, "pull through" production, is replacing this old method. The products are in work cells or similar workstations. An employee in a cell can operate several types of equipment. An order can be processed quickly within the cell. The "pull through" method is preferred because it decreases cycle time and holds on orders. The inventory is not overloaded with this method either. One group is responsible for the product as a whole. This decreases the chance of defects. The best way to make standard cost systems more dynamic is to update the variances. Variances in raw materials can be updated by adding a quality variance. This will allow the materials that were produced, but not used, to be factored into the equation. The efficiency variance factors the difference between the weight of the material used and the standard weight used for total production. The traditional method uses the weight of good production instead of total production. Another way to add variances is to split up the volume variance into market size and market share variances. A good way to deal with orders that are completed but not shipped is the Finished Goods Variance. If a sales order could not be filled for any reason, it results in loss of opportunity. To use this as a factor there is a Sales Order Variance. Other ways to add dynamics to the standard system are to use best performance records for a variance on past performances. This is a highly motivating tool for busine sses. Benchmarking tracks the performance of competitors. This is another motivating tool. This competition will also encourage a better product for consumers. Another way to use dynamic standards is through moving cost reductions. This decreases the standard cost by a certain percent each period. Target cost is another method used to make a product viable in today's market. By setting a price before production, manufacturers can find ways to lower the cost until it reaches the target. The reports on SCSs need to be accurate to be viable. A team atmosphere avoids conflict and encourages employees to be responsible. A team using a work cell arrangement and variances on reports will be less likely to be in conflict and in return be more productive. The final way to improve SCSs is to use it in relation to ABC. When a company has many indirect costs, ABC results produce better pricing. If combined, ABC can be used for indirect costs or analysis of indirect costs and SCS can be updated and used for direct costs or financial records. 4. Considering the suggestions made in this article, in contrast to the chapter presentation of standard costing, which ideas make the most sense to you and why I like the idea of using the SCS in conjunction with ABC. I make sense to track both direct and